Facts about Romeo Juliet - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1482 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/03/13 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Romeo and Juliet Essay William Shakespeare Essay Did you like this example? Back in 1597, the classic William Shakespeare play, Romeo Juliet, was published. The play’s focus and emphasis based around the sensation and theory of â€Å"love at first sight†, the romantic side and the dangerous side. The two main characters, Romeo and Juliet, fall in love but are both heirs of feuding families, the Montague’s (Romeo) and the Capulet’s (Juliet). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Facts about Romeo Juliet" essay for you Create order â€Å"Deny thy father and refuse thy name, or wilt not be sworn my love, and I’ll no longer be a Capulet,† (2.2 37-39). In these lines, Juliet is contemplating the feelings he has for Romeo, with the feelings of her father if he found out she was involved with the rival family. Exhibiting there is much danger and risk involved with romantics. Shakespeare creates drama throughout the entire theatrical performance, the drama portrayed her is a tragedy. A tragedy in theatre is when the main character(s) in the play experience extreme sorrow because of flaw, moral weakness, or the inability to handle adverse circumstances; Romeo Juliet is a prime example of a traditional tragedy. Romeo Juliet is full of dramatic purposes, scenes or dialogue that serve specific purpose to the plot. The opening dialogue of the play exhibits the relationship between the Capulet’s and the Montague’s, â€Å"Two households, both alike in dignity, In fair Verona, where we lay our scene, From ancient grudge break to new mutiny, Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean,† (1.1 1-4). The quote explains that the two families are alike in many ways, but because of an old feud they will never see eye to eye, setting the mood for the entire tragedy. The type of dramatic purpose best fitting for Romeo Juliet is the link of characters, conflict and irony. There is emphasis on the connection the main characters have with each other, but due to the conflict of the feuding families the story ends in irony and the death of the lead characters. To get better understand the dramatic purpose of Romeo Juliet, one might want to know the structure in which the play was written. A play can be structured one of two types of ways, climatic or episodic. The structure that fits this play the best is the climatic structure because there is a clear exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and catastrophe. The plot of the play makes it easy to spot; Feud between two families (Montague’s and Capulet’s) makes it hard for two lovers. Romeo is still in-love with Rosaline, but two of his peers convince him to sneak into a party at the forbidden Capulet house to get his mind off Rosaline and meet someone new. Low and behold, Romeo meets someone new and it is â€Å"love at first sight†, both Romeo and his new love are head over heels for each other, but there is one problem. The girl who he falls in-love with is Juliet Capulet. Secretly, Romeo and Juliet are married by the Friar who thought this marriage would end the feud between the two families. Unfortunately, tragedy strikes as Romeo is banished by the prince for killing Tybalt, Juliet’s cousin. Juliet is now arranged to marry Paris, but her parents do not know she is already wed to Romeo. With help of the Friar, Juliet fakes her death to get out of her arranged marriage. Poor communication tells Romeo his love is dead, so he sneaks into Verona to see her one last time. Romeo drinks poison to join his wife in death, but upon this event, Juliet wakes. When she is unable to ingest enough poison from the lips of Romeo, Juliet takes his dagger and stabs herself, reuniting the forbidden lovers in death. Throughout the entire play, there is central conflict, both internal and external. Two internal central conflicts are the running conflict between the Capulet and Montague families, the heirs on both sides were raised to hate the other because of the butter feud, but this also had a negative effect on the entire city of Verona as citizens were killed in fights between the two families, and this filters into the second external central conflict, a Montague and a Capulet falling in-love with each other and making their love even more forbidden. One internal central conflict involves Juliet after the death of Tybalt. She has to decide the best way to move on with her life, mourning the loss of her family member or have joy her husband is alive and safe. Thes e conflicts filter back to the emphasis of the play, the romantic and dangerous sides to love at first sight. An abundance of internal and external conflict makes it impossible for the two lovers to formally be together, although forbidden, their burning love for each other makes them break the rules and experience sacrifice. An opposing force in Romeo and Juliet is an individual against society. Throughout the play, it is noticeable the main characters, Romeo and Juliet, as individuals, are fighting with society to be together, society says no but themselves say yes. â€Å"Not proud you have, but thankful that you have. Proud can I never be of what I hate, but thankful even for hate that is meant,† (3.5 146-148). In this scene, Juliet has informed her parents she does not want to marry Paris, but she is thankful her parents have her best interest in finding her a life mate. She is fighting with society because she is already married to Romeo although her parents do not know, and it is forbidden. The key conflict of the play was the feuding families, shown all throughout the play, they are introduced at the beginning with the prologue and they run through until the ending scene, however this conflict was resolved. Unfortunately, it wasn’t until after the death of Romeo and Juliet, the two mourning families rose statues to honor each other’s lost child, â€Å"As rich shall Romeo’s by his lady’s lie, poor sacrifices of our enmity,† (5.3 319-320). The balance forces throughout the entire theatrical performance is the feud of the families and the two young lovers. They both are acting in opposite direction, but they also carry the same significance. The two families have had an ongoing rivalry for many years and each family has raised their young to dislike the other family, but once the two meet at the Capulet party, the feud between the two families children is broken. With the feud and the love happening at the same time, the balance force is able to happen. When Tybalt is killed by Romeo, it is easily seen the two forces are balanced through the eyes of Juliet. She is unable to decipher if she should be thankful her newlywed husband is alive and safe, or if she should have hatred toward the Montague’s because her cousin was killed by one. When evaluating the characters of Romeo Juliet, the feud between the families decides the fate of the two leads. The two meets and marry in secret because if they were to tell their families, they would both be disowned. But, one-character particularly, the Friar, plays an interestingly important role in the play. He agrees to wed the two forbidden lovers in hopes of settling the family rivalry, but his plan more than backfires. Had the friar not wed Romeo and Juliet, Juliet would not have faked her own death to be reunited with banished her love. Ending the play in the tragedy of them both killing themselves to be together, thus settling the feud. Foil characters, or characters who share opposite interests than the lead, are also scene throughout the play Starting at the beginning, Rosaline is a foil character for Juliet because she has no interest in sharing a future with him, whereas Juliet is willing to risk everything to be with Romeo. A second foil character in the play in Mercutio, Romeo’s best friend. Oddly enough, he is a foil to Romeo himself, whereas Romeo is a romantic and is always on the prowl for love, Mercutio shows less concern with the idea of love. Mercutio is realistic in his ways of thinking and refuses to be a victim of love, as Romeo has with Rosaline and later Juliet. In act 1 scene 4, Romeo and Mercutio are discussing dreams, and Mercutio happens to state, â€Å"True, I talk of dreams, which are the children of an idle brain. Begot of nothing but vain fantasy,† (1.4 97-99). By using the words â€Å"dreams† and â€Å"fantasy† in the same context, it can be implied that Mercutio does not believe in dreams being a reality, just false reality made up by your mind as what one wants to happen. Romeo is so wrapped up in the idea of love that he wants his dreams a reality, and pounces on any act similar to this.

Do You Know What Your Weather Forecast Is Telling You

We all consult our local weather forecast on a daily basis and have done so since memory serves. But when it comes down to it, do we fully understand what the information thats presented to us means? Heres an easy-to-digest explanation of what the basic weather elements included in your daily forecast -- including air temperature, air pressure, chance of rain, sky conditions, dewpoint temperature, humidity, and wind -- are telling you. 1. Air Temperatures When someone asks what the weather is like outside, air temperature is often the first condition we describe. Two temperatures -- a daytime high and a nighttime low -- are always given for a 24-hour calendar day full days forecast. Knowing what time of day the max and min temperatures are reached is just as important as knowing what they will be. As a rule of thumb, you should expect the high to happen near 3 or 4 oclock pm local time, and the low, near sunrise of the following day.   2. Probability of Precipitation (Chance of Rain) Next to temperature, precipitation is the weather condition we want to know most. But what exactly does the phrase â€Å"chance of precipitation† mean? The chance of precipitation tells you the likelihood (expressed as a percentage) a location within your forecast area will see measurable precipitation (at least 0.01 inch) during a specified time period. 3. Sky Conditions (Cloudiness) Sky conditions, or cloud cover, tells you how clear or cloudy the sky overhead will be throughout the days entirety. While this may seem a frivolous weather observation, clouds (or a lack thereof) influence air temperature. They determine how much of the sun’s energy reaches the Earth’s surface to heat it during the day, and how much of this heat that was absorbed gets released from the surface back out into space at night. For example, thick stratus clouds block sunrays, while wispy cirrus clouds allow heat to penetrate and warm the atmosphere.   4. Winds Wind measurements always include the speed and direction of where winds are blowing from. Sometimes your forecast wont mention wind speed outright, but will use descriptive words to suggest it. Whenever you see or hear these terms, heres how to interpret how fast that is: Forecast Terminology of Wind Intensity Wind Speed Calm 0 mph Light/Variable 5 mph or less -- 5-15 mph Breezy (if mild weather). Brisk (if cold weather) 15-25 mph Windy 25-35 mph Strong/High/Damaging 40+ mph 5. Pressure Guilty of never paying much attention to air pressure? Well, you should! Its an easy way to assess whether the weather is settling down or storms are brewing. If pressure is increasing or is over 1031 millibars (30.00 inches of mercury) it means weather is settling, whereas pressure thats falling or is near 1000 millibars means rain may be approaching. 6. Dewpoint Although it resembles your air temperature, dewpoint temperature isnt a regular temperature that tells how warm or cool air feels. Rather, it tells what temperature air needs to be cooled to in order for it to become saturated. (Saturation precipitation or condensation of some sort.) There are two things to keep in mind about dewpoint: It will always be lower than or equal to the current air temperature -- never higher than it.If it equals the current air temperature, it means that the air is saturated and humidity is 100% (that is, the air is saturated). 7. Humidity Relative humidity is an important weather variable because it tells how likely precipitation, dew, or fog is to happen. (The closer RH is to 100%, the more likely precipitation is.) Humidity is also responsible for everyones discomfort during hot weather, thanks to its ability to make air temperatures feel much hotter than they actually are.

The Evolution Of Human Language - 2442 Words

The Evolution of language has been a subject of debate by many scholars for many years. Although there is no universal agreement on where language evolved, or how language evolved. In fact, the evolution of human language is an extremely vague topic, composed of many different theories and hypothesis, with very few instances of evidence to support them. Even though there is no universal consensus on the origin of language, many scholars can agree that language began by the use of gestures in primates and hominins. This has been seen in primates in captivity to have similar gestures of primates in the wild. Primates may lack the ability to speak a language, but they’re not completely incapable of learning to use signals to communicate. A chimpanzee named Washoe, and a Bonobo named Kanzi, prove that primates possess the capacity to acquire communication through the use of symbols, and body gestures. Early hominins are also believed to have developed some form of gestural languag e to communicate with one another on how to hunt and gather in their environment, despite the fact that their vocal tracts inhibit them from making human speech sounds; but the link between apes and humans aids in the evolution of human language because it shows the concurrent relationship of vocal modulation and manual gestures humans made. The studies on the origin of language led to many theories, but one in particular is the mirror system hypothesis, which has two types of imitations, simpleShow MoreRelatedThe Origin of Language in Human Evolution Essay1209 Words   |  5 PagesLanguage is a complex system evolved from animal cognition system not from animal communication, suggesting that only humans with complex brain system were capable of developing (Ulbaek, 1998). Whereas other animal species communicate through vocalised sounds, songs, or gestures specially primates such as apes. Similarly gestures and hand gestures were the form of communication used by early hominids, bu t Homo habilis and Homo erectus started to use vocalisations and decreasing the frequent use ofRead MoreThe Evolution of Language1707 Words   |  7 PagesThe Evolution of Language The study of language is very intriguing once you start looking a little farther into it. I read through many books and sources to help make the history of language a little more clear and found many interesting ideas. I found that something as simple as the way you use your hand could shape the brain, language, and human culture (The Hand). I also found many sources on human evolution; and digging a bit deeper into this area showed me many thoughts andRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Nature And Behavior1178 Words   |  5 Pages Human nature, or the usual behavioral patterns of most humans alive today, is influenced by a great number of characteristics, mannerisms, and unique traits that are not found in many other organisms across the globe. Two such characteristics, namely language and communication, are so distinct that they can be regarded as the main components for the development and creation of human nature itself, acting as the basis for human consciousness and development. How ever, although these social constructsRead MoreEvolution Of Language And The Brain1447 Words   |  6 Pagesinclude bio-cultural evolution, brain development, and biosemiotics. 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What are the defining characteristics that separate us from other animals? How are we different? Human origins begin with primates, however through evolution we developed unique characteristics such as larger brain sizes, the capacity for language, emotional complexityRead MoreEvaluate the Arguments, Presented in the Course, Supporting Chomsky’s Claim That Humans Are Innately Predisposed to Acquire Langua ge, Discussing Specifically What It Might Mean for Humans to Be ‘Innately Predisposed to1356 Words   |  6 PagesLanguage is our main means of communication and learning, without it we would not understand each other efficiently enough to communicate our needs and thoughts. It is a very complicated feature of human cognition. Yet children acquire language very naturally and quickly without any formal instruction. Many language experts such as Chomsky (1965) and Pinker (2000) believe this suggests that there is some innate predisposal to acquire language, by this it is meant a genetic mechanism that holds whatRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Rusingoryx And Hadrosaur Dinosaurs933 Words   |  4 PagesNasal dome is completely new structure for mammals. Paleontologists say that a â€Å"Pleistocene antelope with a bony nasal crest like that of some hadrosaur species is a surprising example of what’s called convergent evolution.† (Strickland, Feb.4, 201 6, para. 2). This convergent evolution can be explained by the similarities in the way Rusingoryx and hadrosaurs lived. Such as â€Å"Rusingoryx and hadrosaurs enjoyed very similar lifestyles: both grazed in herds on wide, grassy plains. O’Brien and her colleaguesRead MoreThe Full Scope Of Human Life871 Words   |  4 PagesHumans are an interesting species because of the strong need humans have to fully understand what it truly means to be human. Many fields such as history, psychology, and sociology all offer a perspective in the study of humanity, but there are distinguishable from anthropology. Anthropology differs from other humanities fields due to its holistic nature, comparative research methods, and the strong emphasis on fieldwork and participant interaction. Anthropology is the study of people throughout

The Factors for Currency Exchange Rate Fluctuations

1. The current exchange rate between the Euro and the US dollar is 1.3049 dollars to a Euro. The historical annual average exchange rates for this currency pair are as follows: USD Average bid ask 2002 0.96057 0.96097 2003 1.14845 1.14889 2004 1.24807 1.24846 2005 1.23608 1.23646 2006 1.26354 1.26394 2007 1.38480 1.38519 2008 1.45954 1.45995 2009 1.40210 1.40249 2010 1.31960 1.32001 2011 1.38852 1.38893 *2012 1.31765 1.31802 source: Oanda There are a number of factors that influence currency exchange rate fluctuations. The determinants of exchange rates are differentials in inflation, differentials in interest rates, current account deficits, public debt, terms of trade, and political stability/economic performance (Van Bergen, 2012). Each of these factors influences either the supply of a currency or the demand for the currency. The value of Euro rose against the dollar over the past ten years for a few different reasons, among them rising deficits in the US, increasing demand for the Euro as a global currency, and rising inflation in the US during the middle part of the last decade. These fluctuations would have an influence on trade between the US and Europe. In particular, tourism by Europeans to the US would become cheaper with the strength of the Euro, but for Americans travel to Europe would be increasingly expensive. This will also affect the flow of goods, as European goods will be very expensive in America, whereas American goods wouldShow MoreRelatedExchange Rate Fluctuation Factors On Currency1272 Words   |  6 PagesExchange Rate Fluctuation Factors The value of currency within a given country holds a different value to the currency of another country. The values of currency are determined by an exchange rate. In quoting the exchange rate two methods can be used; the indirect and direct. 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These risksRead MoreForeign Exchange Rate Fluctuation on Pricing Decision1109 Words   |  5 PagesWhat implication do fluctuations in foreign exchange rates have on the pricing decisions of export marketing managers? Globalization is no longer an abstraction but a stark reality that virtually all firms, large and a small, face. Firms that want to survive in the 21st century must confront all encompassing force that pervades every aspect of business. However, exchange rate fluctuation is an issue that affects the decisions marketing managers make about pricing. Management faces different decisionRead MoreFactors That Affect Business Such As A Labour Market, Capital And Target Market1203 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many factors that affect business such as: labour market, capital and target market. Ever since international trading has become more liberalised and popular, the changes of international economy has also impacted on development of companies, especially effect of foreign exchange rate. A foreign exchange rate can be defined as the price of one currency compared to another currency. This essay will focus on some different issues related to the foreign exchange rate, which include a tendencyRead MoreImpact Of Currency Fluctuations On Foreign Trade1713 Words   |  7 PagesImpact of Currency Fluctuations on Foreign Trade in Emerging Economies An Empirical Analysis Executive Summary The paper analyses the impact of currency fluctuations on foreign trade i.e. imports and exports of emerging economies. For our study we have analyzed emerging economies: Brazil, India, China and South Africa. The available literature shows that currency appreciation has negative impact on the trade of any economy. 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Government takes action to manage any fluctuation that may happen. Secondly, countries leave it to the market to decide their exchange rate. In such a system, countries follow policy of non-interferenceRead MoreThe Falling Oil Prices Of 2014 : A Case Study1421 Words   |  6 PagesBakogiannis, Williams, Morley, Warga, Bronstein, 2015). Fluctuations in oil prices can considerably affect various aspects of both the world and individual country economies (Basnet, Vatsa, Sharma, 2014). The purpose of this case study is to analyze the economic effects, both realized and predicted, resulting from the collapse in crude oil prices experienced in the second half of 2014. The paper will explore changes in the exchange rate, oil exports as a percentage of country revenue, productionRead MoreBasics of Exchange Rates1724 Words   |  7 PagesBACK TO BASICS Why Exchange Rates? Luis A.V. Catà £o OW does one determine whether a currency is fundamentally undervalued or overvalued? this question lies at the core of international economics, many trade disputes, and the new IMF surveillance effort. George Soros had the answer once—in 1992—when he successfully bet $1 billion against the pound sterling, in what turned out to be the beginning of a new era in large-scale currency speculation. Under assault by Soros and other speculators,Read MoreThe Decline Of Australian Dollar Against The Us Dollar1231 Words   |  5 Pagesof trade. According to IMF the reason for the falling commodity prices is the slowing of demand globally. It’s mentioned that Australia, Canada and New Zealand are the three of the worst performing currencies of 2015. In order to stimulate economy the Reserve Bank of Australia is planning to cut its rate to 1.5% before March 2016 to deal with lower GDP and low domestic demand that is increasing unemployment. Mining investment has slowed down which reduced the value of iron ore causing Capital imports

Health Care Spending Free Essays

Health Care Spending Paper Rosie L. Eckford HCS/440 – ECONOMICS: THE FINANCING OF HEALTH CARE July 2, 2012 Instructor: Lori Geddes Healthcare is a very important sector in the countries around the world. The countries and the government always keep some money in their budget in relation to the health care activities in their countries. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Care Spending or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the United States of America also, there are certain provisions in relation to the health care. The paper shall discuss about the health care spending in relation to United States of America. It shall discuss about the current level of health care expenditure in United States of America. There are shall be a lot of discussion in relation to the fact that whether the expenditure on health care in United States of America is appropriate or not. It shall also discuss about the manner in which the health care needs of the people in United States of America are paid by the government. In the end of the paper, there shall be a forecast in relation to the health care spending in United States of America. All the above said things shall be discussed in detail in the current paper. The government of United States of America has made a lot of provisions in relation to the expenditure of health care facilities in United States of America. In the United States of America, the health care spending has been increasing continuously (Hawe, 2008). There have been a lot of funds kept by the government of United States of America in its budget in relation to the health care services. In the year 1990, the expenditure made by the government of United States of America in relation to the health care spending was $714 million. Since then, the amount of expenditure on health care has increase to $2. 3 trillion. This is around 3 times of what it was in the year 1990. The government of United States of America is spending around 16% of its total gross domestic production on providing the health care facilities to the people. It is estimated that around $7600 are spent by the government of United States of America for each and every resident in the country. In this way, it can be said that the expenditure in relation to health care in United States of America is quite good and the country is taking adequate steps for making sure that adequate health care facilities are provided to the people in a proper and appropriate manner. The health care spending of the United States of America is the highest all around the world. There is no problem with the extent of money spend by the country towards the health care. Other countries around the world are also spending some money towards the health care but the expenditure made by the government of United States of America is the highest. Currently the expenditure incurred in United States of America towards is adequate and appropriate. It has to increase only with the increase in population. According to the per capita expenditure, the current expenditure in the country towards the healthcare is appropriate. When the country makes the budget in relation to the health care expenditure, then it has to take care that adequate expenditure is incurred on each and every activity related to health care. The government of United States of America should make sure that it spends appropriate expenditure on each and every area of the health care. The expenditure should be more on the critical areas and it should be reduced on the areas which are not very difficult to handle for the government. The government of United States of America should make sure that it increases the expenditure of the health insurance of those people which are not in a position to afford the costs for themselves (U. S. Health Care Costs, n. d. ). The government should also increase the expenditure in relation to the funds provided to the health care organizations for providing the benefits to the poor people in the United States of America. The government of United States of America should also increase the expenditure in relation to some specific and high risk diseases such as Cancer, Aids etc. If the expenditure shall be reduced in relation to the above said activities then, there is a possibility that the people in United States of America shall be benefitted to a very high extent. Other than the above areas, there are certain areas in which the government of United States of America should look to reduce the expenditure. The cost on some of the areas in the health care should not be reduced to the extent it hampers the health care services. If there is a requirement to reduce the health care costs then, these should be reduced only till the services are not affected in a negative manner. The areas in which unnecessary costs are incurred by the government should be recognized and the costs should be reduced in those areas. In the United States of America, there are adequate sources used for the purpose of financing the health care services in the country. In the country, the funding for the health care services is done together by the government and the non government agencies in the country. While preparing the budget, the government of United States of America keeps a percentage of funds in relation to providing the health care services to the people who are in need and also the people which are not able to have the health care insurance for themselves. Related essay: Advantages of Free Health Care Other than the government of United States of America, there are various other forms of associations which work for the purpose of providing the health care services to the people. They not only provide the health care services but also provide the financial for the insurance of the patients. There are few programs also in relation to the same. The programs include Healthcare Facilities Accreditation Program, Community Health Accreditation Program and various other programs. The health care finance in the United States of America are funded by the above said facilities and things. In the United States of America, the government and the non government associations share 50% of the expenditure each. In this way, there is a proper sharing the expenditure. For the last few years, the healthcare expenditure in United States of America has been increased considerably at an increasing rate. It is expected that the healthcare expenditure in United States of America shall increase in the same rate as it was increasing earlier (Scambler, 2008). In the year 2007, the health care expenditure in United States of America was $2. 2 trillion. This amount increased to $2. 3 trillion in the financial year 2008. In this way, there was a definite increase in the health care expenditure in the two years. It is expected that the health care expenditure will grow even more. In the year 2013, the healthcare expenditure is expected to reach the figure of $3 trillion and in the year 2017, it is expected that the health care expenditure shall reach the figure of $4. 3 trillion. In this way, it can be said that there is a forecast of increased expenditure on health care in the years to come. The chart below provides the forecast for health care in a proper manner. This chart is showing the healthcare expenditure in United States of America. The government of United States of America is spending a lot of money on the healthcare services in the country. With the kind of expenditure, the government of United States of America is spending on the health care facilities in the country, it can be said that the government is spending sufficient amount of money on the health care facilities. For the last many years, there has been an increase in the health care spending in United States of America. With this, it can be projected that the expenditure on health care shall increase to the extent of $4. 3 trillion by 2017. References Scambler, G. (2008). Sociology as Applied to Medicine. (6th ed. ), Elsevier Health Sciences. Hawe, E. (2008). Compendium of Health Statistics. (19th ed. ), Radcliffe Publishing. U. S. Health Care Costs. (n. d. ). Retrieved April 18, 2011 from http://www. kaiseredu. org/Issue-Modules/US-Health-Care-Costs/Background-Brief. aspx How to cite Health Care Spending, Essay examples

Comparative Analysis of Operating Systems †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Comparative Analysis of Operating Systems. Answer: Introduction: Nokia was one of the largest mobile phone manufacturers of the world before selling off its business first to Microsoft at 7 Billion USD, and then to HMD for an undisclosed amount. Nokia was doing extremely well in the 80s, 90s, until the mid-2000s when things started falling off the plate for Nokia and it stumbled like a pack of cards(Laamanen, Lamberg Vaara, 2016). A lot of articles and journals have been written on what exactly went wrong with Nokia, how a company which was at the Zenith of success can dig a hole so deep in earth that it could never make a comeback from its failures. By 2007 Nokia was manufacturing more than 65% of the mobile phones sold on the planet earth with its Symbian mobile operating system and was a clear market leader in the mobile space (Sumanthi, 2017). Nokia was selling huge number of mobile phones globally due to its strong body type, longer battery life, industry experience, quality products, pricing strategy and attractive designs. It was the era p ost 2007 which saw the evolution of Application for Mobile phones which changed the entire ecosystem of the mobile phone industry. A lot of players started emerging out of nowhere; companies like Samsung, Micromax, Oppo, Intex, Huawei and many other started giving a tough fight to Nokia. The single largest trouble with the Nokia was its inability to design an operating system which could work well with the mobile application and have a seamless integration with the mobile phone. This is touted as the biggest reason which led to the bankruptcy of Nokia and emergence of other players in the Industry (Rooij, 2015). During the era of Nokia, Apple was to be found nowhere, the company was doing its best to make products which customers would buy instinctively, but were really not able to match up to the standards of Nokia, Nokia was clearly leading the way. But, in the year 2007, Apple suddenly came in the market with its revolutionary I-phones and created a disruption in the entire market phone industry. People were seen to be standing in long queues to buy an I-phone and suddenly the wind turned the direction towards Apple, and the tech world was just talking about three things: Apple, Steve Jobs IPhones. By first quarter of 2013 Apple had captured almost 40% of the US smartphone market and over 50% of the operating profit in the global handset industry. If figures have to be believed, Apple was selling 5X phones in comparison to sale of Nokias Lumia phones. It was just a matter of time Apple and other players like Samsung, Sony, Micromax, oppo and MI took over, which was the moment of death fo r Nokia. Ios and Android by then has taken over the mobile operating software and killed Symbian and the nearly extinct Blackberry. Apple was smart to realize that it was not just the mobile phones, but it was the software which should be leveraged to create experience for the customers. Nokia has been criticized a lot by a number of Tech Bloggers, enthusiasts, industry experts and by some of its own senior leaders, the tone of the message was clear, Nokias management predicted the change in the smartphone market, but really could not come together as a team and work towards the changing landscape(Hernes Bytniewski, 2017). The company acknowledged first in 2004, in one of its media release, that the smart phone market is up for a revolution and Nokia would be leading from the front. However, nothing was done to embrace the change, on the contrary, the company refused to build partnership with emerging players who wanted Nokias expertise in their mobile phone business. It was the inability of the company to come together and develop software which would be in sync with the needs of the customer, and would have ensured sustainability for Nokia. It was the leadership which did not believe what was happening; they were in a state of shock and did not believe how every c ompany, other than Nokia would move ahead in the race (Yun, Won Park, 2016). In comparison to Nokia, team at Apple under the leadership was really looking strong. The team at Apple was playing the game by fundamentals, by analysing the need of the customers, their taste and preferences and based on the market study wanted to design a product to cater to all the needs of its customers. Steve Jobs leadership, often said as debatable, but it was his leadership which brought all the department of the companies together, and it was him who made the entire team work together, with a single vision of putting a better, smarter and a faster phone with an open system in the hands of the consumers. Nokia failed to respond to Apple, its Symbian operating system was aging and dying, but the company could not do much about it. They were really late on switching to windows for help, to revitalize their brand strategy, their operating system, by then the vote was already casted in favour of Apple and Other Android mobile phones. Another aspect of leadership which can be translated from the bankruptcy of Nokia and success of Apple phone is the inability to understand the pulse of the smartphone audience. Nokia, which was a tech giant, launched the first smartphone in the market, tested the prototype for touch screen and internet enabled phones was spending millions and millions on Research and development for the next big thing, in the process, they forgot the most important component of business, its customers(Grant, 2016).Apple leveraged its customers, its target audience, it realized the lacunae in the current smartphone providers and the needs of the customers, and it just bridged the gap and brought revolution in the industry(Holt, 2016). Nokia was at heart a hardware company and its management could not keep up with the pulse of the consumers and focus on software, the inability of its marketing department to read the consumers was another major reason for its bankruptcy. It was the management at Nokia, which turned a blind eye towards the changing ecosystem and refused to acknowledge the problem, they were of the opinion that Nokias hardware would eventually pull back all its lot customers towards the company, but it was simply not the case. By then, people had already gotten accustom to the platform which made them access application on their devices in a seamless manner, thus crushing the hopes of Nokia (Streeter, 2015). Apple was always clear about few things in perspective; they knew that Smartphone business is evolving in nature, a lot of competition will become the focal point of the industry, software will dominate, more and more application will be created to enhance the user experience and phones will get more stylish and aesthetic(Kushida, 2015). Focussing on the vision, Apple created a 5 year strategy for what kind of products it wants to create for the consumer which will benefit them the most, following the vision Apple created IPhones and took the market by storm. Apples product are known to be mans best friend and addictive, the style, designing, attention to details, camera quality and its subtle branding makes it one of the most comprehensive smartphones in the industry which was struggling with innovation and were unable to feel the pulse of the people(Lorange Rembiszewski,2016). There were a lot of people who said that IPhone was an overnight success, but in actual it was the hard w ork of the team standing resolute behind the genius mind of Steve jobs, they all believed in the vision of its leader and were determined to design something so beautiful and useful that it brings a disruption in the entire industry. It was Apple who was pioneer in creating full display touch phones with great pixel resolution and sleek design. Apple not only focussed on one of few aspects which make a smartphone really smart, on the contrary it went a step ahead and focussed on all the aspects of the mobile phone to make The ultimate device for the users (Apple, 2016).Another brilliant thing which the team at Apple executed and has been criticized initially was its exclusive closed Apple store for Application and other things. People did not understand the purpose of doing so, but later realized company did so to provide the user best experience and not allow the viruses to enter the great device. Nokia failed miserably because it did not have what Apple had, a clear mission and vi sion and great leadership (Mitchell, 2014). The leadership at Nokia was not future looking, they were focussed more on what they have been doing in the past and wanted to replicate the same strategy for the business sustainability. Although, there were some really cool products which company created, stylish looks, longer battery and strength in the mobile phones, sadly, it was not enough for the market. Management at Nokia was spending good amount of money into their research and development wing, but they were not investing much in marketing research. This was one of the major issues why the company failed to create products for the future and improve the lives of people. It was like missing a big piece from solving a puzzle, the missing piece being marketing research. Marketing research helps to identify the needs and preference of the customers, their aspirations, their feedback, their utility for a product and many more; all these features are greatly useful for creating the ri ght product for them (Kaur Sharma, 2014). It was a complete failure of the management to assess the external environment which ultimately led to failure of the 150 years old company leading to sell off its assets to Microsoft and later to HMD. Another important aspect which is a critical success factor for the success of Apples product is its strategy of continuous innovation. As explained earlier, Steve jobs was a visionary and an exemplary leader, he had this unique gift of quickly picking up the smart things in the room and his ability and passion to create product from a basic idea and sell it further. It was his intuitive thinking; balanced calculation to mitigate the risks associated with new products that him the biggest innovator on planet earth (Wang, 2015). If one has to analyse the product of Apple, it can be found how hard the team worked in collaboration towards sustained innovation. Every person who was employed at Apple was appreciated from bringing innovation on the table; innovation was the undying spirit at Apples office in Cupertino, California. People were seen discussing ideas, talking of new things, how to offer something unique to the customers and how to create products which have never been created . It was the culture of innovation which was one of the driving factors of success for the company; it was innovation which changed the entire ecosystem of mobile phones for the best (Divya Kumar, 2015).Innovation at Apple was pivotal in driving a lot of innovation in the industry by other players as well. Apple had set an example in front of mobile companies on how to build products which have actual benefit for the customers. During the era of 2007-13, a lot of innovation was happening in the mobile phone industry and the front runner leading the innovation was Apple. On the other end of the spectrum was Nokia, which was not even remotely close to bring innovation in its product, a lot of experts said that Nokia accepted defeat very early and stopped innovating knowing android and IOS has taken over the market(Basole, 2016). Its marriage with Microsoft to build Lumia Phones happened at the time when major share was divided between Apple and other android players, leaving very lit tle for the new products of Nokia. The innovation took backseat at Nokia, or it can be said that team at Nokia took too long to innovate which ultimately caused the debt ridden company to sink in the waters. Satya Nadella, the then CEO of Microsoft in one of his earlier interviews acknowledged that they failed to understand the pulse of the customers and miserably failed to innovate, they were relying on the earlier proven success strategies of Nokia, and continued with them, leading to grand failure of the company(Chung Park, 2017). More so, the team at Nokia felt defeat at the hands of Apple and other android players and they gave up, they failed to acknowledge that if they roll up their sleeves and start innovating and put all their efforts on making phone both a utility and an engaging device for the consumers, it would have been just a matter of time that they would have tasted success. The lack of motivation in the workplace and the team was again one of the prime reasons tha t the company could not get back on its feet and accepted the defeat very soon (Yadav Maheshwari, 2016). Towards the end, it can be said that Apple was clear with its vision, which was built on sustained innovation and the entire company was motivated to drive change in the mobile phone industry. The KRA of all the employees at Apple was based on creating brilliant products for its target audience. Employees were motivated to bring this change and be a part of the revolution, the leadership at Apple did a brilliant job by hiring the best talent, manage them effectively, keep them motivated and align their individual goals with those of the organization. In comparison, Nokia was unable to manage its employees; there was the problem of turnover in the company fuelled by their continuous product failure and failure to innovate. It was the inability of the management to keep the talent at Nokia motivated and their failure to manage them was a great contributor for its failure. The vision of Nokia was to connect people and build products for them which would reap benefits for them; however t he same was not translated in form of goals and objectives of the organization. At one point it was seen that the leadership and the employees were absolutely at loggerheads which worsened the situation for the failing Nokia. Hence, in a company which is unable to harvest a good culture, motivate its employees, keep them engaged, shape their attitude and push them to think of new ideas, the failure of such a company was inevitable. The essay can be concluded by saying that the strategy at Apple, ideology of the leadership and the ability to predict the future of mobile phone followed by innovation were some of the reasons of its success, back then and even now. On the other hand, the inability of Nokia to detect the pulse of its audience, inability to predict the change in the mobile industry, inability to manage its workers and manage them and at last inability to innovate better products for the customers was primarily responsible for the bankruptcy of Nokia. References Laamanen, T., Lamberg, J. A., Vaara, E. (2016). Explanations of success and failure in management learning: What can we learn from Nokias rise and fall?.Academy of Management Learning Education,15(1), 2-25. Rooij, A. (2015). 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