Eulogy Case Essay Example for Free

Eulogy Case Essay The obituary is a section that most newspapers have and despite being buried in the back of the newspaper, is a section of the paper that most people read, at least in passing. Older people read it to see if they can find anyone that they know. Younger people might read it to see how old somebody was when they died or if they are aware of history, to see what famous person might have died. There are also people who are fascinated by others and wish to read what one has accomplished in their life. It is amazing that an entire life can be summed up in a few paragraphs. What else is amazing is exactly who receives an obituary in the paper at all. The small town papers will memorialize anyone whose information they receive from a family member or other source. That person would pass unnoticed except for the kind remembrance of their family members still living. This is not the case in the larger newspapers. The Chicago Tribune, with a readership estimated at just fewer than three million, has limited space and therefore, can only print the obituaries of people who have distinguished themselves in a way that society deems worthy. For the week of February 18th to February 23rd, the obituaries were studied to see exactly who was receiving the posthumous honor of having their name in one of the largest newspapers in the country. The first eulogy is that of Jack Kipp. (1923-2007) (Kates, 2007) The man had humble beginnings in Chicago. His mental and physical deficiencies left him out of service for WWII but yet he found his way onto the Midwest Stock Exchange in Chicago, second only to the New York Stock Exchange in size and influence. Mr. Kipp was a man who straddled both financial classes. Since he worked for the Chicago Stock Exchange, he would accurately be considered among the upper class. This would continue as he helped form another financial firm in the 1970’s and made a good deal of money at this venture. But when he retired, he remembered the people who were not given a chance to reach the heights that he had attained and spend the last 16 years of his life tutoring individuals into earning their GEDs. His son said that he had a desire to help his fellow man and saw this as his chance to do so. So his social status helps him get into the Tribune? He lived a long life 84 years, all of them in Chicago. This is a helpful contributing factor and the fact that he formed his own investment firm was probably the factor which helped to secure his place in the Tribune. Only in the byline does it talk about his volunteer work. This would lead the reader to believe that if he were just a volunteer and did rise to the financial levels that he had, his obituary would not have been found in the Chicago Tribune but perhaps a local newspaper since the Chicago land area is able to support dozens of smaller though, significant newspapers. Another notable obituary is that of Dr. Joan Swift. (1919-2007) Dr. Swift was hired as the coordinator of the child development program at Wilson Junior College. In only three short years, she was promoted to the Dean of Directors in 1968 which is a position that she held until 1983. She grew up in New York but spent the last 55 years in Hyde Park, a suburb of Chicago. Here are two examples where an individual has lived a long life, most of it in and around Chicago and rose to a moderate level of success to which that success was met by a notable duration. The article did not specify her financial background and even though she did rise to a high level within the teaching profession. The headline and byline of the obituary makes the reader believe that simply a teacher would not have been given so many inches of column space unless the duration of his/her tenure was to the length that it was noteworthy. The third and last obituary is of Dr. Kenneth Rehage. (1910-2007) (Jensen, 2007) He was from the area as a professor at the University of Chicago in the 1960’s. This fact alone, on a slow news day would ensure his placement within the obituary section of The Chicago Tribune along with his long life. But what made his life even more noteworthy was the fact that he spent the last half of his life setting up secondary schools in Pakistan. Not only did he set up schools there but traveled there hundreds of times in order to help train the instructors there. Dr. Rehange spoke the language and left his home open to students from Pakistan to stay and consider his home and place away from home. He is remembered fondly by his former students even though he stopped teaching in the 1970’s. Dr. Rehange was not a man of great wealth and the headline of his obituary talks only about his development of schools in Pakistan. In this respect, his social class was a contributing factor but if he was just another rich man who had died, it does not seem probable that his life would have made the obituary section. He was a humanitarian to a degree that is not seen in a day to day basis and that is why he made the Tribune. The Chicago Tribune, reaching a population of millions, has a great deal of space restraint that they have to follow. There has to be a selection process in order to place the obituaries of people who have established their life as one whose death will serve as an impediment to some aspect of Chicago and its surrounding area. The kindly neighbor down the street will not be a likely selection to make the Tribune but would rather be a better fit in any of the local papers in the area. Each of the three obituaries that were described had a 1 inch by 2 inch picture along with roughly 300-400 words used to describe their life. It is impossible for the obituary section to follow this format for every person who dies in Chicago on a given day. So unfortunately, a father who is extremely important to his family as well as his co workers and wife of 50 years, will not be seen as â€Å"important enough† to make the Tribune. He has no great wealth, made no special discovery or contribution to science nor did he hit 500 home runs. But if his family wants him to be remembered in print, most towns will have the space available to detail their loved ones life in print in a way that would honor their humble, though important, achievements. LITERATURE CITED Kates, Joan. Longtime Securities Trader. Chicago Tribune February 19, 2007 Section 3 p. 9 Jensen, Trevor. Helped Develop Schools in Pakistan. Chicago Tribune February 21, 2007 Section 3 p. 11

Anaemia During Pregnancy: Case Study

Anaemia During Pregnancy: Case Study ANAEMIA DURING PREGNANCY The wonder and joy ofpregnancyis matched by the bodys ability to adapt to looking after the growing baby. In addition to the mothers physiologic needs, there is the additional need to provide the building blocks for optimal growth of the baby. All this construction requires energy and oxygen as the fuel that helps drive the engine. Oxygen in the air that we breathe is delivered to the cells of the body by haemoglobin, a protein molecule found in red blood cells. When the blood lacks level of healthy red blood cells or haemoglobin it leads to a condition called anaemia. The main part of red blood cells is haemoglobin that binds to oxygen. If red blood cells is too few or the haemoglobin is abnormal or low , the cells in the body will not get enough oxygen. The body goes through significant changes when a woman is pregnant. Anaemia is a common disorder in pregnancy, which affect 20 to 60% of the pregnant women. About 20 to 30% of blood increases in the body, which increases the supply of iron and vitamins which are required in the production of haemoglobin. Most of the mothers lack adequate amount of iron during the second and third trimester of pregnancy. A mild anaemia is normal during pregnancy due to increase in the blood volume, but however a severe anaemia can put the baby at high risk of iron deficiency later in infancy. There are different types of anaemia that can develop during pregnancy such as fotal-deficiency anaemia vitamin B12, deficiency anaemia and iron deficiency anaemia. According to Cashion Alden, Perry (2009) In pregnancy, ladies need extra folate to make the red blood cells to transport oxygen to tissues throughout the body. Folate deficiency can directly contribute to certain types of birth defects. Folate-deficiency anaemia, folate which is also called folic acid, is a type of vitamin which is needed for the body to produce new cells, including healthy red blood cells. Iron-deficiency anaemia is when the body does not have enough iron to produce adequate amounts of haemoglobin, and is the most common cause of anaemia in pregnancy. To form healthy red blood cells the body needs vitamin B12 from her diet, the body would not be able to produce enough healthy red blood cells. Ladies who do not eat meat, poultry, dairy products, and eggs have a risk of vitamin B12 deficiency, which can lead to birth defects. Severe or anaemia which is untreated can lead to preterm or low-birth-weight baby, postpartum depression, baby with a serious birth defect of spine or brain, prenatal mortality or maternal death. . Some of the symptoms of anaemia during pregnancy are pale skin, lips and nail, feeling tired or weak, dizziness, shortness of breath, and rapid heartbeat. Antenatal care refers to care given to a pregnant woman from the time of conception is confirmed until the beginning of labor. Risk factors for anaemia in pregnancy can be woman pregnant with more than one child, two pregnancies close together, vomiting a lot because of morning sickness, teenager who is pregnant, not eating enough foods that are rich in iron and heavy periods before became pregnant In nursing process Assessment is the first stage in which nurse carries out a complete and holistic nursing assessment. Normal ward routine of nursing care procedures in antenatal unit at booking and important nursing focus areas is followed. Antenatal booking appointment, which provides the midwife with the valuable background information. The subjective and objective data is collected. The purpose of the visit is to bring together the woman to the maternity service. The information is shared between the mother and the midwife in- order to discuss, plan and implement care for duration of the pregnancy, the birth and postnatal period. During my attachment in antenatal clinic a mother came in for antenatal booking. Collecting her personal history, she is Mrs X, Indian married female. Her date of birth is 22th January, and is now 23 years old. , she is a high school graduate, is able to read and write and follow instructions, able to maintain eye to eye contact and is married to a 25 years old taxi driver named Mr Y. She is staying with her husband, his parents, two brother’s and a sister. They live in a wooden house near the copra mill. The mother is from Waibula but lives with relatives in Namara. Her emergency contacts were of her husband xxxxxxx and cousin sister xxxxxxx. Her family history, Mrs X mother is diabetic and her sister had twins. Mothers medical history was occasionally complains of migraine, and heavy menstrual bleeding. The husband and his elder brother are driving taxi and also they do a casual job in the timber mill. Mrs last normal menstrual period was on 25th of September 2012, her expec ted date of delivery is on the 7th of January 2013. She missed her period for two months. There was no gynaecological history present. Starting with her examinations, the height is 6 feet and 4 inches (1.65m) and is 66 kilograms. The urine test was normal, blood pressure was 80/40mmHg, temperature of 37.5 °C,pulse rate: 114 bpm, respiratory rate: 28 bpm skin: (+) pallor, (-) jaundice, (-) cyanosis, head:, EENT: pale palpebral conjunctiva, negative cervical lymp adenpathy chest, lungs: symmetrical chest expansion, (-) retractions heart: adynamic precordium, tachycardia, (-) thrills, (-) murmur abdomen: globular, soft, normal and active bowel sounds, non-tender extremities: pale nail beds, cold upper and lower extremities (-) cyanosis, weak peripheral pulsesneurological: No found neurological deficits rectal exam: No haemorrhoids, no fissures, no masses, palpated, no tenderness, intact rectal vault, good sphincter tone. In the blood test, the full blood count was done and was low an d proven to be anaemic. In order to ensure that the outcome of the pregnancy is the best for mother and baby, a routine is undertaken which is embraced by the term â€Å" antenatal care†. Fraser and Copper (2009) stated â€Å" the aims of antenatal care is to monitor the progress of pregnancy to .maternal and fetal health, developing a partnership with the woman, providing a holistic approach to the woman’s care that meets her individual needs, promoting an awareness of her public health issues for the woman and her family, exchanging information with the woman and her family, enabling them to make informed choices about pregnancy and birth, being an advocate for the woman and her family during her pregnancy, supporting her right to choose care appropriate for her own needs and those of her family, recognizing complications of pregnancy and appropriately referring woman to the obstetric team or relevant health professionals or other organizations, facilitating the wom an and her family in preparing to meet the demands of birth, making a birth plan, facilitating the woman to make an informed choice about methods of feeding and giving appropriate and sensitive advice to support her decision and offering parenthood education within a planned programme or an individual basis†.(P.g 265). During booking the mothers blood was sent in the laboratory for tests. The haemoglobin level 12g/dL or if it is the haematocrit less than 30% in a pregnant woman. Then it proves that the woman is anaemic. Mrs X haemoglobin level was 8.7g/dL and hemocrit was 25% , so it proved that she is anaemic. It is the risk to the mother and the fetus., So the nursing problem was diagnosed to Mrs X that she was suffering from Iron Deficiency Anaemia. Fraser et al. (2009) stated â€Å" iron deficiency anaemia is the most common hematologic disorder in pregnancy, it affects approximately 15% to 25% of pregnant woman, depending on the ethnic and socioeconomic groups being studied†.(P.g 872). After the diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia Mrs X was referred to the doctor. The body produces more blood to support the growth of the body. The existence of a hematologic abnormally increases the pregnant women’s risk for developing more complication such as infection or preterm delivery If the mother not getting enough iron or certain other nutrients, the body might not be able to produce the amount of red blood cells it needs to make this additional blood. Taylor, Lillies, Lemone Lynn (2011) stated â€Å" carbohydrates, protein and fats are potential sources of energy for the body†.(P.g 1158). Mrs X presented with symptoms of pale skin, lips and nails, feeling tired or weak, dizziness, shortness of breath, rapid heart rate and trouble concentrating. It is very important to assess the wellbeing of the fetus. This was done by checking the fetal movement and listening to the fetal heart sound using a fetal cardio graph machine. The bloods were performed to see the changes that may indicate worsening of anaemia. The nurses has its own independent role scope of practice to ensure that the mother and fetus are healthy. The nurses role in managing the pregnant woman in this case of Mrs X are as follows. Nurses can be councillor, collaborator and advocator. The role of the nurse at first step will be taking or monitoring vital signs of the mother and thefetal heart rate. To assess the fetal heart rate, fetal heart sound and fetal kick count was monitored. Urine check is another important role of nurse in monitoring an anaemic mother. The mother will be asked to bring along a urine sample for glucose and protein level. In early pregnancy if protein level will be high it can be sign of problems including urinary tract infection, a kidney disorder , high blood pressure or diabetes. If in later pregnancy protein of high level is found is sign of pre-eclampsia. Taking of height and weight measurements is another role of a nurse, also to work out body mass index. Potter, Perry, Stockert Hill (2013) st ated â€Å" body mass index (BMI) measures weight corrected for height and serves as an alternative to traditional height-weight relationships†.(P.g 56). Since the nurse knows the diagnosis of Mrs Mrs Xshe can advise on what kind of foods to consume .She was advised to take foods that are rich in iron examples are red meat, egg yolks, dark leafy vegetables, dried fruit, iron-enriched cereals, grains, chicken giblets, beans, lentils, and liver. Establishment of quiet and peaceful environment to promote rest. During her hospitalization Mrs X was served with full diet. The nurse also taught to the woman on correct positioning while resting.The nurses also did health education with the husband on health. Nurses need to follow the physicians orders in giving the prescribed medications on time.They also advised on personal hygiene. In antenatal care the nurse needs to collaborate with other health care professionals, such as dietician, the obstetric, doctor, haematologists and physiotherapist. To enablepeople to make informed and practical choices about food and lifestyle in health and disease, the role of a dietician comes in, dietetics is the interpretation and communication of nutrition science. The role of a dietician was to prepare a food guideline for Mrs X. Obstetric team works with patients who are wanting to become to become pregnant, is pregnant or have recently delivered. The obstetricnurse have plenty roles in managing an anaemic mother. Mrs Narayan was admitted, reviewed, history taken, vaginal examination, fetal heart tones, and duration and intensity of contractions was done by an obstetric nurse. Paediatrician doctoradvised on healthy and successful delivery of Mrs Narayan, also advised on diet and medication compliance. Paediatrician doctor also took blood and urine test. The roleof midwife is to provide pregnancy care to woman during pregnancy and during birth. The midwife took Mrs X medical history and explained in detail the limitations and risks associated with pregnancy while being anaemic. The midwifealso checked urine for protein and heart beats for the developing baby. Health education was also provided by the midwife. The doctor was also responsible to prescribe medications, examination and to consider delivery if the condition of mother gets worse and fetus gets distressed. The physiotherapist taught Mrs X on exercise that was helpful to her. There are rationales behind the nurses independent roles in ensuring the well-being of the mother and the fetus. As stated earlier monitoring of vital signs, it is very important because to see if Mrs X condition is stable or not. Also same for the fetal heart rate and fetal sounds to see if everything is normal or not. Monitoring fetal heart rate and fetal sound to ensure that the fetus is not distressed. Urine checkis also important factor, it is done by the nurses to see if the glucose and protein level is normal or requires attention. Taking of height and weight is also important to see if mother is healthy and gaining weight since she is pregnant.Also to calculate the body mass index of the mother. The nurse providing health education on her diet, encouraging her to take iron rich foods to prevent or stop Mrs X from getting anaemic. The nurse administers medication as prescribed by the doctors to make Mrs X to improve on her health.Personal hygiene is really important because th e way mother keeps her self affects or reflects the fetus as well. There are rationales behind the professionals collaborative roles in establishing or giving quality care to the pregnant mother. Taking of history from the mother is to know whether she had any past medical problems, such as gynaecological issues or any surgeries that can hinder her present pregnancy. Doctors or paediatricians take samples of blood to see if mother is seriously anaemic or requires attention, or to see if there could be any complications.The rationale of doctors doing vaginal examination is to see cervical dilation or any complications which can arise. Counselling by the doctors of having proper diet or dieticians, to improve the condition of the mother and avoiding complications. Obstetric team was to ensure that if emergency develops there could be urgent need to conduct delivery in caesarean section, because they have knowledge on when and how to conduct delivery in emergency situation. Doctors presenting medication to increase iron level in the blood. Physiotherap ist needed to educate mother on exercise to help her in delivery. During the end of the antenatal clinic, the strengths and weakness of Mrs X was found and identified, it was recorded in evaluation. Mrs X was adjusted to what the plan was ruled out for her. Her strengths were that she followed her diet to what the dieticians planned for her. The health education was really effective to her and her husband supported on her diet and growing fetus. The family support was also there and she was in happy environment, free of fear and anxiety. Mrs X also took her tablets on time and gained weight. Another blood test was done and was found out that her haemoglobin level was normal. The benefitsof maternal iron supplementation on these outcomes are unclear, even for woman who develop anaemia during pregnancy. There is vivid evidence that maternal iron deficiencyanaemia increases the risk of preterm delivery and low birth weight. Iron supplementsimprove the iron status of the mother during pregnancy and during the postpartum period, even in woman who enter pregnancy with reasonable iron stores. Through my point of view, the mass of evidence supports the practice of routine iron supplementation during pregnancy, even though iron is most common and important for woman who have anaemia. ( Approx: 2443 words.) Reference Potter, P, A., Perry, A, G., Stockert, P, A., Hill, A, M. (2013). Fundamentals Of Nursing (8th ed.). United States Of America: Mosby. Fraser, D, M., Copper, M, A. (2009). Myles: Textbook for midwives (15th ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. Lowdermilk, D, L., Perry, S, E., Cashion, K., Alden, K, R. (2012). Maternity Women’s Health Care ( 10th ed.). United States Of America: Mosby. Taylor, C, R., Lillis, C., Lemone, P., Lynn, P. (2011). Fundammentals Of Nursing: The art and science of nursing care (7th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott. Reeder, S, J., Martin, L, L., Martin, L, L. (1997). Maternity Nursing: Family, newborns, and women’s health care (18th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott. 1

Geometrical Application Of Ordinary Differential Equation

Geometrical Application Of Ordinary Differential Equation Many practical problems in science and engineering are formulated by finding how one quantity is related to, or depends upon, one or more (other) quantities defined In the problem. Often, it is easier to model a relation between the rates of changes in the variable rather than between the variables themselves. This study of this relationship gives rise to differential equation. Derivatives can always be interpreted as rate. For example, if x is a function of t then dx/dt is the rate of x with respect to t. if x denotes the displacement of a particle, then dx/dt represents the velocity of the particle. If x represents the electric charge then dx/dt represents the flow of charge that is the current. Derivatives of higher orders represents rate of rates. If x denotes the displacement of particle, then d2x/dt2 represents the accelerations. A differential equation can be defined as an equation containing derivatives of various orders and variables .differential equation which involves one independent variable are called ordinary differential equation. If the differential equation involves more than one independent variable and partial derivatives of the dependent variable with respect to them, than it is called partial differential equation. Explanation:- Let y be the dependent variable and x be the independent variable. So the system can be denoted as dy/dx= y , d2y/dx2=y Some Example of Ordinary Differential equation y=62 y+16y =2x x2y-xy+6y=log x yy+ y2 = x2 Introduction to differential equation, and solving linear differential equations using operator method:- In this Term paper, I will first introduce what differential equation is? Separable first order differential equation will be solved. Then the integrating factor will be taught to solve linear differential equation of the first degree. The auxiliary equation (or characteristic equation) will be introduced to solve homogeneous linear equations, and then operator method will be taught finally to solve non-homogeneous linear equations. This term paper assumes readers familiar with basic of calculus, like differentiation and integration. What is differential equation? A differential equation is an equation which contains derivatives. Here are some examples: In these equations, y is an unknown function depends on x which we would like to solve. These kind of equations are very important in different fields, like in chemistry describing rate of reaction, physics describing equation of motion, etc. Therefore, able to solve these equations analytically enables us to understand many natural process. The above equations are known as ordinary differential equations(ODE) since they only contain derivatives with respect to one variable, x. (note that the equations hold for all values of x) In mathematics, an ordinary differential equation (or ODE) is a relation that contains functions of only one independent variable, and one or more of their derivatives with respect to that variable. A simple example is Newtons second law of motion, which leads to the differential equation for the motion of a particle of constant mass m. In general, the force F depends upon the position x(t) of the particle at time t, and thus the unknown function x(t) appears on both sides of the differential equation, as is indicated in the notation F(x(t)). Ordinary differential equations are distinguished from partial differential equations, which involve partial derivatives of functions of several variables. Ordinary differential equations arise in many different contexts including geometry, mechanics, astronomy and population modelling. Many famous mathematicians have studied differential equations and contributed to the field, including Newton, Leibniz, the Bernoulli family, Riccati, Clairaut, dAlembert and Euler. Much study has been devoted to the solution of ordinary differential equations. In the case where the equation is linear, it can be solved by analytical methods. Unfortunately, most of the interesting differential equations are non-linear and, with a few exceptions, cannot be solved exactly. Approximate solutions are arrived at using computer approximations. The trajectory of a projectile launched from a cannon follows a curve determined by an ordinary differential equation that is derived from Newtons second law. Ordinary differential equation Let y be an unknown function in x with y(n) the nth derivative of y, and let F be a given function then an equation of the form is called an ordinary differential equation (ODE) of order n. If y is an unknown vector valued function , it is called a system of ordinary differential equations of dimension m (in this case, F : à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ mn+1à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ m). More generally, an implicit ordinary differential equation of order n has the form where F : à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ n+2à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚  depends on y(n). To distinguish the above case from this one, an equation of the form is called an explicit differential equation. A differential equation not depending on x is called autonomous. A differential equation is said to be linear if F can be written as a linear combination of the derivatives of y together with a constant term, all possibly depending on x: with ai(x) and r(x) continuous functions in x. The function r(x) is called the source term; if r(x)=0 then the linear differential equation is called homogeneous, otherwise it is called non-homogeneous or inhomogeneous. Solutions Given a differential equation a function u: I à ¢Ã…  Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ R à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ R is called the solution or integral curve for F, if u is n-times differentiable on I, and Given two solutions u: J à ¢Ã…  Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ R à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ R and v: I à ¢Ã…  Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ R à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ R, u is called an extension of v if I à ¢Ã…  Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ J and A solution which has no extension is called a global solution. Terminology Partial differential equations These are equations which involves more than one independent variable. For instance: Partial differential equations(PDE) are significantly more difficult than ODE, and we wont talk about it at this moment. Order Order of a differential equations is the order of the highest derivative in the equation. Order 1: Order 2: Degree The degree of a differential equation is the degree of the highest derivative in the equation. Degree 1: Degree 2: Separable 1st order ODE If the ODE is in the following form, the solution can be found using integration easily: Example:- In the study of partial differentiation, recall that a function of two variables that equals a constant, describes the points in the 3-D plane with the same potential; . The curves that connect the points with the same potential are called level curves and have the value of c. A contour map is a level curve graph where common elevations are connected giving a 2-D representation of a 3-D reality. Using a LiveMath 3-D graph theory you can plot such a function along with the level curves describing the contours associated with that function. The picture below uses the following function to demonstrate this (here is a LiveMath plug-in animation of the graph below). In general terms, this type of equation is represented by the following: It describes the level curves and is the solution to the following differential equation. The equation below is just the total derivative of the function above. Because it is the total derivative of some function z(x,y) it is called an Exact Differential Equation. To help understand how to solve these types of equations you will look at the solution first and then analyze how to back into that solution. In this example you will take the total derivative of a function and analyze its parts. Then you will take this new equation (a differential equation now) and, knowing the answer, describe the method used to solve it. Input the following equation: To take a total derivative in LiveMath, first input the differential operator d times z (d*z). Input this into a second Prop and substitute the equation into it. Collect common terms on the RHS and Expand the coefficients of the differentials for the final answer. After setting the RHS equal to zero you will have a differential equation to solve. Notice how the coefficients are neither separable, homogeneous, nor are they linear. To help analyze this equation, label the coefficient of dx as M and the coefficient of dy as N. Both are functions of x and y so place the equation in the following form. The total derivative of a function is obtained by adding the partial derivatives of the coefficients. This is done with the equation below. Set up our notebook in the following manner: Perform the substitutions to give the partial derivatives. we can see that differential equations of this type are Exact. They are immediate derivatives of another function. You know this is true in this example because you developed the equation below by taking the derivative of the original function. we can describe an Exact Differential Equation as an equation whose dx coefficient is the partial derivative with respect to x of some function f(x,y) and whose dy coefficient is the partial derivative with respect to y of the SAME function. Since you dry-labed the last example you know what this equation, z=f(x,y), is. This will not be the case as you look to solve these problems though, so you need to find a way of determining that an equation is exact, then you will know that M and N are related to the solution equation in this way! Using the fact that these partial derivatives are of the same function will be the key to the method used to solve these equations. To test a differential equation for exactness, follow the method described in the next example. Test for Exactness This example demonstrates the test for exactness of the same equation used in the previous example. First input the differential equation as shown below. Remember to include an Independence Declaration inside the same case theory the test is performed. To test for exactness, equate the partial derivative with respect to y of M and the partial derivative with respect to x of N. Notice that these partials are with respect to the exact opposite variables as those used to determine the total derivative in the last example. The reason for this will become clear to you later when you derive this test. Set up the partial derivatives and solve by substituting M and N into the partial derivative Ops. The fact that they are equal means that the differential equation is exact! Method of Solution: To solve these types of equations you will need to take one or the other coefficient and go backwards to determine the solution. You can take either M or N to do this, it is up to you. For this example try using M. Solution Method First, set up an equation equating the unknown function, named , to an integral of M plus some unknown function of y. Call this function u for the time being. The reason you do this is the fact that to get M, the partial derivative was taken of the unknown function with respect to x. You will try to back into the answer by integrating M. This is not automatic though, because of the fact that when a partial derivative is performed, one of the variables is treated as a constant and therefore drops out (the derivative of a constant is = 0). Below this derivative is displayed again. We will not get back the function by integrating M, because the y term is not there! It is the constant, as is shown below where you try to get the function back by integrating M. This is very close to the answer, and with a little twist, will lead to a method that you will use to obtain the solution. Input the following props and perform the substitutions as shown. The user defined variable u is used in this case, rather than the arbitrary constant c, because you are actually looking for, what you might call, an arbitrary function. It will also be necessary later to have u defined as a variable for LiveMath to solve for the function. Now we have a potential function (), that represents the solution to the problem. To solve, the function u must be determined. If you take the partial derivative of the unknown function with respect to y this time, you will get N. By setting up the equation this way, you can then isolate u. You already know what N is, so: Next substitute the potential function into the Prop and solve for u by performing an integration. The final solution is achieved by substituting this u Prop back into the function . Since this function describes level curves, it is set equal to a constant c. The question remains, why do you take partial derivatives of M and N to determine if an equation is exact? M and N have been defined as the partial derivatives of z with respect to x and y respectively. By taking the second partial derivative of each coefficient WITH RESPECT TO THE OPPOSITE VARIABLE, the LHS of both of these equations is equal and therefore the RHS are equal too.

Bioethanol: Not a Viable Alternative :: Ethanol is Not the Solution

The world has begun to realize the importance of finding sustainable, renewable forms of energy. One of the most highly prioritized forms of energy is liquid, so that we can begin to manage our dependency on fossil energy. In the midst of this search, ethanol, a fuel additive which can be utilized in a variety of vehicles has become a popular alternative to fossil fuel. Many view Ethanol as the fuel of the future. Bioethanol, which is currently the most prominent type of ethanol, is made from the fermentation process of crops such as sugar or corn. This can be done in two ways, through dry or wet milling, the main difference between the two being that in dry milling the grains are mashed together, while in wet milling they are soaked in water for 24-48 hours before the process begins. Both of these processes generate C02 emissions; however the C02 is generally captured and used for other things(1). Many nations, with the United States and Brazil leading in production, have begun to use Ethanol fuel as a renewable liquid energy source. Over the past six years ethanol production in the United States has nearly quadrupled, and the government is spending over three billion dollars in subsidies for the industry(1). However many people believe that the numerous drawbacks of actually producing and utilizing Ethanol outweigh these benefits, and that we should divert our attention and funding towards more viable renewable resources. The benefits of ethanol fuel seem to be fairly straightforward. The most popular reason cited for using bioethanol is that because it contains a high level of oxygen it is more clean burning than straight gasoline. According to some estimates "ethanol use in the U.S. reduced CO2-equivalent greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 7 million tons", and is expected to reduce emissions by 1.7 billion tons by the year 2050(2). Such a dramatic reduction of ozone forming materials helps to improve air quality in cities where the fuel is used. Ethanol also does not contain many of the toxins that fossil based gasoline does, making it more biodegradable and safer in the instance of a spill(3). Additionally corn-based fuels are renewable, we have the capabilities to grow large amounts of corn, whereas we cannot produce anymore fossil energy and are limited by the supplies that we already have. The idea that ethanol is a clean burning, renewable resource sounds lovely in theory, however in practice Ethanol isn't particularly sustainable.

The Confucian Filial Obligation and Care for Aged Parents :: Asian Philosphy Chinese Research

The Confucian Filial Obligation and Care for Aged Parents ABSTRACT: Some moral philosophers in the West (e.g., Norman Daniels and Jane English) hold that adult children have no more moral obligation to support their elderly parents than does any other person in the society, no matter how much sacrifice their parents made for them or what misery their parents are presently suffering. This is because children do not ask to be brought into the world or to be adopted. Therefore, there is a "basic asymmetry between parental and the filial obligations." I argue against the Daniels/English thesis by employing the traditional Confucian view of the nature of filial obligation. On the basis of a distinction between 'moral duty' and 'moral responsibility' and the Confucian concept of justice, I argue that the filial obligation of adult children to care respectfully for their aged parents is not necessarily self-imposed. I conclude that due to the naturalistic character of the family, the nature of our familial obligations (such as parental caring for young children and adult children's respectful caring for aged parents) cannot be consensual, contractarian and voluntarist, but instead existential, communal and historical. Some moral philosophers in the West hold that adult children do not have any more moral obligation to support their elderly parents than does any other person in the society, no matter how much sacrifice their parents made for them in the past or what kinds of misery their parents are presently suffering. This is so, they claim, because children do not ask to be brought into this world or to be adopted. Thus, the traditional filial obligation of supporting and taking care of the aged is left as either the private responsibility of the elderly themselves or as a societal burden on the public. (1) For example, Norman Daniels argues that there is a "basic asymmetry between parental and the filial obligations" (Daniels, 1988, p.29). The parental obligation of caring for their young children, says Daniels, is a "self-imposed" duty, while the so-called children's obligation of caring for their aged parents is "non-self-imposed" and thus cannot be morally required. (2) In her famous essay, "What Do Grown Children Owe Their Parents," Jane English also claims that a favor done without it being requested or a voluntary sacrifice of one for another can only create "a friendly gesture" (Sommers & Sommers, 1993, pp. 758-765). It incurs neither an "owing" nor a moral obligation to reciprocate.

NUR 403 Joy Travelbee Essay

Introduction Joyce Travelbee was born in 1926 and is well known for her contribution and work as a nursing theorist. In 1956 earned her degree as a Bachelor in Nursing from Louisiana State University, later in 1959 received the degree of Master in Science at Yale University. During most of her carrier she dealt with psychiatric nursing and also education. Died tragically while trying to obtain her PhD degree in 1973. Key Points of her Theory There are some main or mayor concepts on this theory defined by Joyce Travelbee to assist nurse to understand the model nursing, hope, meaning, suffering, communication, and self-therapy. Existentialism and Logotherapy are important in this theory, Existentialism states that humans remain constantly under the influence of choices that creates conflicts and are responsible for the results of those choices they made. Logotherapy is also a concept on this theory based on the assumption that emotional stability is best protected by meaningful fulfillment in life, it focuses on the future. Health is another concept included in this theory is describe as an equilibrium of every person physically, emotionally and spiritually in relation with the environment where the loss of this equilibrium bring an uneasy feeling called suffering. Historical Background The historical surrounding of this theorist was the calamities and human suffering during and after War World Two and the bases for her theory, philosophy and model are on Soren Kierkegaard’s philosophy of existentialism and Viktor Frankl’s Logotherapy. Existentialism stated that people are accountable for the choices they make in life and the repercussion on the people who make those choices. Logotherapy, was first proposed in Frankl’s book Man’s Searching for Meaning (1963), a type of psychotherapy that include the idea that fulfillment is the greatest protection against emotional instability. This was part of idea proposed by a Jewish prisoner of the Auschwitz concentration camp who found meaning for his life in the midst of extreme suffering, this is described on his account of the experiences he had while working in the harsh conditions while in the concentration camp. Term Definition Applied to Nursing Practice Applied to Nursing Education Applied to Nursing Research Person Person is define as a Human being with physical, emotional and psychological component. Both the patient and the nurse are consider as a human being with its own uniqueness that allow to take in consideration when we are developing the nursing process taking care of the mind and the body too. As a nurse is important to develop the rapport between nurse student, educator and patient as a person and share each one experiences. A human being as a unique individual, in constant evolution and change. Important to define this with the new changes related with genetics. Health The physical, mental or psychological and spiritual balance in a person. By knowing the different components of health we can comprehend and target better factors that affect the individual and measure the health status by physical examination, laboratory test and assessment. The optimal equilibrium of the individual or person, state of well-being. Knowing the objective component of health give us the opportunity to research about diseases. Nursing Is a process establish between the nurse professional, the individual, family or community to assist with disease prevention, health promotion or coping with the illness finding a meaning in this conditions. Establish a better understanding of the nursing process where no only the patient is important but also the family and the community. Assist to target in the education process no only the patient direct but also family and the community to better fulfill our roles as educators. As researchers investigation should include all the persons involve in the nursing process. Environment As experiences we encountered during our life and the response to it as sufferings, pain, hope, and illness. Promotes nurses to get familiar with external factors that may impact the individual health stage that should be targeted during the nursing process. In the education process knowing the factor that may bring emotional instability will give us a proper tool to educate on how to deal with them. Nurse involvement in search how the external factors may affect the individual health References: Octaviano, E. F. & Balita, C. E. (2008). Theoretical Foundations of Nursing: The Philippine Perspective. Philippines: Ultimate Learning Series, 93-98. Tomey, A. M. & Alligood, M. R. (2002). Nursing Theorists and Their Work. 5th ed. Missouri: Mosby, 418-425.

LAN-Based Voting System

3.0 Employee Registration System for Mustang Security Agency Inc. The proposed system was used to correct the deficiency that the manual filing process has. The system gives an accurate result. It also provides printable information of the employees and also on their previous assigned companies.3.1 System Overview The following were the different modules of the proposed system and its capabilities with regards to registration process.Registration Module This module allows the staff of the HR to register the new applied security guard.Client Module This module allows the HR to register the companies that asking for their service.Employee Track Record Module This module allows the HR to save the employment record of the security guards on their assigned companies.3.2 System Objectives The following were the different deliverables that the system had: Provided an accurate search result.The proposed system has a module that gave an exact result when it comes in searching employee informa tion.Printable Employee Information The employee registration system generates a printable employee information.Every employee has unique employee ID The system provided a unique employee ID for easily tracking of records.The System has image capturing The system had a image capturing features for easily identifying the employees.3.3 System Scope and Limitations The system was bounded with different deliverables that defined the scope and limitations of the system.The system included the following functions: Printable Employee InformationThe system can print the information and employment track records of theemployees..Image Capturing Features The system used an image capturing features to identify the employees easily.The system doesn’t cover the attendance monitoring and payroll of the employees it only serves as registration system to easily find files of the employees.3.4 Physical Environment Resources The following were the different physical resources to be used in the development of the proposed system.Hardware Specification The following were the different hardware used both in the development and implementation of the proposed system.Computer Server 1 GB memory Webcam Switch/Router UTP cablesSoftware Specification The system used several softwares both for the development and implementation of the system.Visual Basic 6.0 This software was used for the main design of the system interface.Microsoft Access This software was used for the database of the system.3.5 Architectural DesignThe researchers used different architectural designs in both developing and in implementing the proposed system. These designs helped the researchers in coming up with an accurate a reliable system. The Dataflow Diagram was used to identify the different flows of data in every process of the system in order to come up with an accurate result. This diagram was used to depict the main flow of the system which was used to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed system. En tity Relationship Diagram (ERD) was used to determine the relationship between entities and database attributes.This was used to  identify the data needed in the database and the different primary keys and foreign keys. The Data Dictionary was used to identify the different data structures needed in the database. These data allowed the researchers in properly normalizing the database and in designing the database accurately. System flowchart was used to determine the overview of the system’s flow, the different reports and different output displayed that verifies it with the data flow diagram.4.0 Design and ImplementationAfter the researchers gathered pertinent data and used several instruments, the development of the proposed system was done accurately and correct. The data flow diagram was used to guide the researchers in identifying the main flow of the data. The respondents were asked to accurately input data to the system particularly with. This was a common problem wi th manual entry of employee information. The system was developed using a carefully designed entity relationship diagram, it was considered as the back-bone of the system.The database structure followed as specified to guarantee the accuracy of data during entry. The researchers followed what was specified. During the completion of the system, it was tested to identify if the needs and set deliverables were met. The main problem that the researchers had encountered in the system was the integration of the webcam device.